हिंदू धर्म ग्रंथों के अनुसार मुरुगन (कार्तिकेय) भगवान शिव और माता पार्वती के पुत्र हैं। इनके अधिकतर भक्त तमिल हिन्दू हैं। माता द्वारा दिये गए एक शाप के कारण ही ये सदैव बालक रूप में रहते हैं। परंतु उनके इस बालक स्वरूप का भी एक रहस्य है। इनका एक नाम ‘स्कन्द’ भी है और इन्हें दक्षिण भारत में ‘मुरुगन’ भी कहा जाता है।
भगवान कार्तिकेय की पूजा मुख्यत: भारत के दक्षिणी राज्यों और विशेषकर तमिलनाडु में होती है। इसके अतिरिक्त विश्व में श्रीलंका, मलेशिया, सिंगापुर आदि में भी इन्हें पूजा जाता है। अरब में यजीदी जाति के लोग भी इन्हें पूजते हैं, ये उनके प्रमुख देवता हैं। भगवान स्कंद के सबसे प्रसिद्ध मंदिर तमिलनाडू में स्थित हैं, इन्हें तमिलों के देवता कह कर भी संबोधित किया जाता है। मुरुगन को युद्ध और विजय का देवता कहा जाता है।
कार्तिकेय की जन्म कथा-
कार्तिकेय की जन्म कथा के विषय में पुराणों से ज्ञात होता है कि पिता दक्ष के यहाँ आयोजित एक यज्ञ में भगवान शिव के अपमान से दु:खी होकर सती यज्ञ की अग्नि में ही आत्मदाह कर लेती हैं। उनके ऐसा करने से सृष्टि शक्ति हीन हो जाती है। तब दैत्यों का अत्याचार ओर आतंक फैल जाता है और देवताओं को पराजय का समाना करना पड़ता है, जिस कारण सभी देवता भगवान ब्रह्मा के पास पहुंचते हैं और अपनी रक्षार्थ उनसे प्रार्थना करते हैं।
यह भी पढ़ें: चित्तौड़गढ़ के इतिहास में आज भी अमर है महारानी पद्मावती का अदम्य साहस
ब्रह्मा उनके दु:ख को जानकर उनसे कहते हैं कि तारक का अंत भगवान शिव के पुत्र द्वारा ही संभव है। परंतु सती के अंत के पश्चात् भगवान शिव गहन साधना में लीन हुए रहते हैं। इंद्र और अन्य देव भगवान शिव के पास जाते हैं। तब भगवान शंकर पार्वती के अपने प्रति अनुराग की परीक्षा लेते हैं और पार्वती की तपस्या से प्रसन्न होते हैं और इस तरह शुभ घड़ी और शुभ मुहूर्त में शिव जी और पार्वती का विवाह हो जाता है।
इस प्रकार कार्तिकेय का जन्म होता है। कार्तिकेय तारकासुर का वध करके देवों को उनका स्थान प्रदान करते हैं। पुराणों के अनुसार षष्ठी तिथि को कार्तिकेय भगवान का जन्म हुआ था, इसलिए इस दिन स्कन्द भगवान की पूजा का विशेष महत्व है।
कार्तिकेय जन्म की दूसरी कथा-
शिव को पौरुष का प्रतीक माना जाता है, मगर उनकी कोई संतान नहीं थी। कहा जाता है कि कोई स्त्री उनके बीज को अपने गर्भ में धारण नहीं कर सकती थी। इसके कारण, उन्होंने अपना बीज एक हवन कुंड में डाल दिया। हवन कुंड का मतलब जरूरी नहीं है कि आग का कुंड। वह एक ‘होम कुंड’ होता है। होम कुंड ऋषियों के लिए एक प्रयोगशाला की तरह था, जहां वे कई चीजों को उत्पन्न करते थे।
होम कुंड से, छह कृतिकाओं ने शिव का बीज अपने गर्भ में धारण किया। ये कृतिकाएं अप्सराएं या कहें गैर इंसानी प्राणी थीं। वे इस धरती की नहीं थीं और उनकी क्षमता बहुत उच्च स्तर की थी। इसलिए शिव का बीज इन छह कृतिकाओं ने धारण किया। उन्होंने साढ़े तीन महीने तक उस बीज को गर्भ में धारण रखा, उसके बाद जीवन आकार लेने लगा और छह भ्रूण विकसित हुए। इसके बाद कृतिकाओं को लगा कि यह बीज उनके लिए कुछ ज्यादा गर्म है और वे उसे और ज्यादा समय तक धारण नहीं कर सकतीं।
यह भी पढ़ें: नवरात्रि विशेष: माता के इस मंदिर को औरंगजेब भी नहीं तोड़ सका, माता के सामने टेक दिए थे घुटने
चूंकि ये कृतिकाएं मुख्य रूप से एक आयाम से दूसरे आयाम में भ्रमण करती रहती थीं, इसलिए उनमें सृष्टि के किसी खास अंश के प्रति जिम्मेदारी की कोई भावना नहीं थी। इसलिए, जाते समय उन्होंने इन बच्चों को अपने गर्भ से बाहर निकाल दिया। उस समय वे बीज से थोड़ी ज्यादा विकसित अवस्था में थे। फिर वे चली गईं।
माता पार्वती खुद भगवान् शिव के बच्चे को जन्म नहीं दे पाई थीं, इसलिए वह इसे व्यर्थ नहीं जाने देना चाहती थीं। उन्होंने इन छह अल्पविकसित बच्चों को कमल के पत्तों में लपेटकर उनके विकास की स्थिति पैदा करने की कोशिश की। वह देख सकती थीं कि अलग-अलग उनके बचने की संभावना बहुत कम है क्योंकि वे पूर्ण विकसित नहीं थे। मगर उन्हें यह लगा कि इन छह भ्रूणों में छह शानदार गुण हैं।
पार्वती ने सोचा, ‘अगर ये सभी गुण किसी एक पुरुष में हो, तो वह कितना अद्भुत होगा।’ अपनी तांत्रिक शक्तियों के जरिये उन्होंने इन छह नन्हें भ्रूणों को एक में मिला दिया। उन्होंने एक ही शरीर में छह जीवों को समाविष्ट कर दिया, जिसके बाद कार्तिकेय का जन्म हुआ। आज भी, कार्तिकेय को ‘अरुमुगा’ या छह चेहरों वाले देवता की तरह देखा जाता है। वह एक अद्भुत क्षमता वाले इंसान थे। 8 साल की उम्र में ही वह एक अजेय योद्धा बन गए थे।
मुरुगन का स्वरुप-
भगवान मुरुगन का स्वरूप एक छोटे से बालक का है। यह मोर पर बैठे हुए हैं तथा इनके माथे पर मोर पंख का मुकुट है। इनके चेहरे पर मंद मुस्कान रहती है। इनका एक हाथ वर मुद्रा में है तथा एक हाथ में तीर जैसा दिखने वाला शस्त्र है। कई जगह मुरुगन (भगवान कार्तिकेय) के छह मुख भी दिखाए गए हैं। मुरुगन भगवान कार्तिकेय का ही दूसरा नाम है इनके पिता भगवान शिव और माता देवी पार्वती हैं। इनका एक भाई और एक बहन भी है जिनका नाम “गणेश” और अशोक सुन्दरी(बहन) है। इनका विवाह देवी देवसेना से हुआ था।
यह भी पढ़ें: 124 साल पहले जब अमेरिका में स्वामी जी ने कहा, हिन्दू धर्म ने पूरी दुनिया को सहनशीलता सिखाई
कार्तिकेय स्वामी सेनाधिप हैं, शक्ति के अधिदेव हैं, प्रतिष्ठा, विजय, व्यवस्था, अनुशासन सभी कुछ इनकी कृपा से सम्पन्न होते हैं। कृत्तिकाओं ने इन्हें अपना पुत्र बनाया था, इस कारण इन्हें ‘कार्तिकेय’ कहा गया, देवताओं ने इन्हें अपना सेनापतित्व प्रदान किया। मयूर पर आसीन देवसेनापति कुमार कार्तिक की आराधना दक्षिण भारत मे सबसे ज्यादा होती है, यहाँ पर यह ‘मुरुगन’ नाम से विख्यात हैं। स्कन्दपुराण के मूल उपदेष्टा कुमार कार्तिकेय ही हैं तथा यह पुराण सभी पुराणों में सबसे विशाल है।
मुरुगन के अन्य नाम-
1. कार्तिकेय
2. महासेन
3. शरजन्मा
4. षडानन
5. पार्वतीनन्दन
6. स्कन्द
7. सेनानी
8. कुमार
भगवान मुरुगन के प्रसिद्ध मंदिर-
1. पलनी मुरुगन मन्दिर – कोयंबटूर से 100 कि.मी. पूर्वी-दक्षिण में स्थित।
2. स्वामीमलई मुरुगन मन्दिर – कुंभकोणम के पास।
3. तिरुत्तनी मुरुगन मन्दिर – चेन्नई से 84 कि.मी.।
4. पज्हमुदिर्चोलाई मुरुगन मन्दिर – मदुरई से 10 कि.मी. उत्तर में स्थित।
5. श्री सुब्रहमन्य स्वामी देवस्थानम, तिरुचेन्दुर – तूतुकुडी से 40 कि.मी. दक्षिण में स्थित।
6. तिरुप्परनकुंद्रम मुरुगन मन्दिर – मदुरई से 10 कि.मी. दक्षिण में स्थित।
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