भारत के पूर्व राष्ट्रपति और महान शिक्षाविद डॉ. सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन का आज जन्मदिन है और इसी उपलक्ष्य में आज शिक्षक दिवस मनाया जाता है। डॉ राधाकृष्णन जी का जन्म-दिन प्रत्येक साल पांच सितंबर को शिक्षक दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है। हमारे देश में गुरु-शिष्य की महान परंपरा रही है, जिसके तहत गुरु अपना ज्ञान अपने शिष्यों को प्रदान करते हैं, और उन्हें सशक्त बनाते हैं।
राधाकृष्णन का जीवन:
राधाकृष्णन का जन्म तमिलनाडु के तिरुतनी गॉव में 5 सितंबर 1888 को हुआ था। साधारण परिवार में जन्में राधाकृष्णन का बचपन तिरूतनी एवं तिरूपति जैसे धार्मिक स्थलों पर बीता । वह शुरू से ही पढाई-लिखाई में काफी रूचि रखते थे।
उनकी प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा क्रिश्चियन मिशनरी संस्था लुथर्न मिशन स्कूल में हुई और आगे की पढाई मद्रास क्रिश्चियन कॉलेज में पूरी हुई।बचपन से ही वे किताबें पढ़ने के शौकीन थे इसी दौरान वे स्वामी विवेकानंद और वीर सावरकर से काफी प्रभावित हुए।
आपने 1902 में मैट्रिक स्तर की परीक्षा प्रथम श्रेणी में उत्तीर्ण की और छात्रवृत्ति भी प्राप्त की । क्रिश्चियन कॉलेज, मद्रास ने भी उनकी विशेष योग्यता के कारण छात्रवृत्ति प्रदान की। डॉ राधाकृष्णन ने 1916 में दर्शन शास्त्र में एम.ए. किया और मद्रास रेजीडेंसी कॉलेज में इसी विषय के सहायक प्राध्यापक का पद संभाला।
कैसे सर्वपल्ली इनके नाम के साथ जुड़ा:
डॉ. राधाकृष्णन के नाम में सर्वपल्ली का सम्बोधन उन्हे विरासत में मिला था। राधाकृष्णन के पूर्वज ‘सर्वपल्ली’ नामक गॉव में रहते थे और 18वीं शताब्दी के मध्य में वे तिरूतनी गॉव में बस गये। लेकिन उनके पूर्वज चाहते थे कि, उनके नाम के साथ उनके जन्मस्थल के गॉव का बोध भी सदैव रहना चाहिए। इसी कारण सभी परिजन अपने नाम के पूर्व ‘सर्वपल्ली’ धारण करने लगे थे।
भारत रत्न, ऑर्डर ऑफ मेरिट जैसे कई सम्मान मिले:
1954 में देश के सबसे बड़े नागरिक सम्मान भारत रत्न से उन्हें सम्मानित किया गया। भारत रत्न, ऑर्डर ऑफ मेरिट, नाइट बैचलर और टेम्पलटन समेत कई सम्मानों से उन्हें नवाजा गया है। 1952 से 1962 के बीच वह देश के उपराष्ट्रपति रहे। 1962 में डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद का कार्यकाल खत्म होने के बाद राधाकृष्णन ने राष्ट्रपति का पद संभाला।राधाकृष्णन का निधन चेन्नई में 17 अप्रैल 1975 को हुआ।
शिक्षक वह नहीं, जो तथ्यों को छात्रों के दिमाग में जबरन डालने का प्रयास करे, सही मायने में शिक्षक वही है, जो उसे आने वाली चुनौतियों के लिये तैयार करे। यही कार्य सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन करते थे इसलिए उनके जन्मदिन को मनाया जाता है शिक्षक दिवस !
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